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A real estate lien is a legal claim on a property, used as security for a debt or obligation. When a lien is placed on a property, it serves as an interest that a creditor holds, ensuring that if the debt is not paid, they have the right to take possession of the property through a legal process, such as foreclosure.

Liens can arise from various circumstances, including mortgages, unpaid property taxes, mechanic's liens for unpaid work done on the property, or judgment liens from court actions. This mechanism not only protects the creditor's interests but also provides a clear legal framework for resolving disputes over unpaid debts. Understanding the nature of liens is crucial in real estate transactions, as they can affect ownership transfers and the marketability of a property.

The other options describe different aspects of real estate but do not accurately define a lien. For example, a type of real estate tax pertains to taxation rather than a claim, while ownership rights refer to title or equity in a property, and a temporary contract for lease relates to rental agreements, not secured debts.